---
title: Which of the following statements is consistent with the established… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the dispute between the Rat and the Badger as to «learn 'em»? Exam question 4 of lesson 68 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 4: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (the secret passage, the birthday banqu
---

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# Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 4: «Like Summer…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the dispute between the Rat and the Badger as to «learn 'em»?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** established facts · **What happens:** follow, be, establish, concern, learn · **To what, where:** dispute, 'em

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 68 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 4: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (the secret passage, the birthday banquet and «learn 'em»)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the dispute between the Rat and the Badger as to «learn 'em»?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	dispute	dispute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	between	between	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
25	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the dispute |  |  |  | between the Rat and the Badger | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus dispute=Experiencer |
| 5 | **learn** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the established facts *not said here* | 'em *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both the Rat and the Badger agreed «teach 'em» was correct, but Toad insisted on «learn 'em» for the banquet tonight

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage:e4:o1:1
# text = Both the Rat and the Badger agreed «teach 'em» was correct, but Toad insisted on «learn 'em» for the banquet tonight
1	Both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc:preconj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	teach	teach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	insisted	insist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	_
21	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	banquet	banquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	tonight	tonight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | the Rat and the Badger |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* *not said to happen, in a quote* | infinitive | the Rat and the Badger *not said here* |  | 'em *= they* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | past | the Rat and the Badger *not said here* |  |  |  |  | correct *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **insist** *speech: other* | past | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **learn** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | 'em *= they* |  |  | tonight |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rat argued for learn, and the Badger said teach was fine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage:e4:o2:1
# text = The Rat argued for learn, and the Badger said teach was fine
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	argued	argue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	teach	teach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | past | the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **learn** | infinitive | the Rat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Badger |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | past | teach |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rat said learn was wrong; Badger laughed and agreed with him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage:e4:o3:1
# text = The Rat said learn was wrong; Badger laughed and agreed with him
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **learn** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **laugh** | past | Badger |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | Badger *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Badger | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with he=Co-Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rat held «teach 'em» correct; the Badger defended «learn 'em»

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage:e4:o4:1
# text = The Rat held «teach 'em» correct; the Badger defended «learn 'em»
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	teach	teach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	defended	defend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
15	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the Rat |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | the Rat *not said here* |  | 'em *= they* |  |  | correct *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 3 | **defend** | past | the Badger |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **learn** *in a quote* | infinitive | the Badger *not said here* | 'em *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, p…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage/e3/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, p…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/69-willows-ch11-part5-clever-mole/t1/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter XI, part 4: «Like Summer Tempests Came His Tears» (the secret passage, the birthday banquet and «learn 'em»)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/68-willows-ch11-part4-the-secret-passage/)