---
title: the crow was so clever, what did he say from the air? — Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His C… · tree and pragmatics
description: the crow was so clever, what did he say from the air? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 700 «Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His Companions, part 40: the fox tricks the magpie and the crow, then meets a bear who needs a mourner» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmat
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His Companions, part 40:…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the crow was so clever, what did he say from the air?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** crow · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** air · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 700 «Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His Companions, part 40: the fox tricks the magpie and the crow, then meets a bear who needs a mourner» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/700-pg2435-part40/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:700-pg2435-part40:t11:1
# text = the crow was so clever, what did he say from the air?
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the crow |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · do-support | crow |  |  | the air |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
you know how to take but not to keep

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:700-pg2435-part40:t11:o1:1
# text = you know how to take but not to keep
1	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
you know well how to catch the birds from the high trees, but you cannot keep

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:700-pg2435-part40:t11:o2:1
# text = you know well how to catch the birds from the high trees, but you cannot keep
1	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the birds |  | the high trees |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent bird=Theme from tree=Source |
| 3 | **not** **keep** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
you know how to catch but you can't keep

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:700-pg2435-part40:t11:o3:1
# text = you know how to catch but you can't keep
1	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **keep** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
you know how to catch and to run and to hide, but you can never keep anything you take

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:700-pg2435-part40:t11:o4:1
# text = you know how to catch and to run and to hide, but you can never keep anything you take
1	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
18	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	obj	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **run** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hide** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **keep** | can | you | anything |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |
| 6 | **take** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His C…, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/700-pg2435-part40/t10/)
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- ↑ back to [Russian Fairy Tales, The Fox and His Companions, part 40: the fox tricks the magpie and the crow, then meets a bear who needs a mourner](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/700-pg2435-part40/)