---
title: Which of the following best describes the means by which the youth c… — Folk Tales, The Lazy Youth and the Kin… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following best describes the means by which the youth conceals the animals from the herdsman? Exam question 1 of lesson 703 «Folk Tales, The Lazy Youth and the King's Herdsman, part 43: the youth hides the pigs and sheep and tricks the herdsman» of the books course of Mova's primary sch
---

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# Exam question 1 · Folk Tales, The Lazy Youth and the King's Herdsman, part 4…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following best describes the means by which the youth conceals the animals from the herdsman?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** the, youth · **What happens:** follow, describe, mean, conceal · **To what, where:** animals, herdsman

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 703 «Folk Tales, The Lazy Youth and the King's Herdsman, part 43: the youth hides the pigs and sheep and tricks the herdsman» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/703-pg2435-part43/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:703-pg2435-part43:e1:1
# text = Which of the following best describes the means by which the youth conceals the animals from the herdsman?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	case	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	nmod	_	_
6	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	conceals	conceal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present | the *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the best | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **conceal** | present | the youth | the animals |  | the herdsman |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent animal=Patient from herdsman=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sinks the pigs in a swamp by their tails and hangs the ram's head on bushes above the rock so the bells ring

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:703-pg2435-part43:e1:o1:1
# text = He sinks the pigs in a swamp by their tails and hangs the ram's head on bushes above the rock so the bells ring
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sinks	sink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	swamp	swamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	hangs	hang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
19	above	above	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
22	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bells	bell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	ring	ring	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present | He | the pigs |  | a swamp |  | by pigs's tails | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pig=Patient |
| 2 | **hang** | present | He *not said here* | the ram's head |  | bushes |  | above the rock | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme on bush=Destination |
| 3 | **ring** | present | the bells |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sinks the pigs in a swamp and hangs the ram's head on bushes

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:703-pg2435-part43:e1:o2:1
# text = He sinks the pigs in a swamp and hangs the ram's head on bushes
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sinks	sink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	swamp	swamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hangs	hang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present | He | the pigs |  | a swamp |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pig=Patient |
| 2 | **hang** | present | He *not said here* | the ram's head |  | bushes |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme on bush=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sinks the sheep in a pond and hangs the goat's skin on the wall

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:703-pg2435-part43:e1:o3:1
# text = He sinks the sheep in a pond and hangs the goat's skin on the wall
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sinks	sink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hangs	hang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present | He | the sheep |  | a pond |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sheep=Patient |
| 2 | **hang** | present | He *not said here* | the goat's skin |  | the wall |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent skin=Theme on wall=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He drives the sheep to the woods and hides the pigs in the marsh

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:703-pg2435-part43:e1:o4:1
# text = He drives the sheep to the woods and hides the pigs in the marsh
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	marsh	marsh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | He | the sheep |  | the woods |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme to wood=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hide** | present | He *not said here* | the pigs |  | the marsh |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pig=Patient in marsh=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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