---
title: With reference to the text, what was the nature of the second tale's… — Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, Shepherd… · tree and pragmatics
description: With reference to the text, what was the nature of the second tale's central hero during his youth? Exam question 2 of lesson 711 «Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, Shepherd Paul, part 51: Niels is caught and wed, then Paul gathers three strong friends and finds a dragon's captive» of the books course of
---

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# Exam question 2 · Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, Shepherd Paul, part 51: Niels…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With reference to the text, what was the nature of the second tale's central hero during his youth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** text · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** nature

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 711 «Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, Shepherd Paul, part 51: Niels is caught and wed, then Paul gathers three strong friends and finds a dragon's captive» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/711-pg2435-part51/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:711-pg2435-part51:e2:1
# text = With reference to the text, what was the nature of the second tale's central hero during his youth?
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
14	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
18	during	during	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the text | the nature |  |  |  | of the second tale's central hero during his youth | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was found as a foundling by a shepherd and grew up to tear oaks up by the roots, though he was also a clever thinker and a loyal friend

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:711-pg2435-part51:e2:o1:1
# text = He was found as a foundling by a shepherd and grew up to tear oaks up by the roots, though he was also a clever thinker and a loyal friend
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	foundling	foundling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	tear	tear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
15	oaks	oak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
24	also	also	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	thinker	thinker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive | a shepherd | He |  |  |  | as a foundling | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent subject=Theme as foundling=Attribute |
| 2 | **grow up** | past | a shepherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **tear up** | to-infinitive | a shepherd *not said here* | oaks |  |  |  | by the roots | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location oak=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | past | shepherd | a clever thinker and a loyal friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was a foundling raised by a shepherd, who attained great physical strength

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:711-pg2435-part51:e2:o2:1
# text = He was a foundling raised by a shepherd, who attained great physical strength
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	foundling	foundling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	attained	attain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | a foundling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **raise** | participle |  | a foundling *not said here* |  |  |  | by a shepherd | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by shepherd=Destination |
| 3 | **attain** | past | a foundling | great physical strength |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was a child of nobles who learned to fight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:711-pg2435-part51:e2:o3:1
# text = He was a child of nobles who learned to fight
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	nobles	noble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | a child |  |  |  | of nobles | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | past | a child |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fight** | to-infinitive | a child *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was an abandoned baby raised by a shepherd who grew into a man of enormous strength and courage in the forest

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:711-pg2435-part51:e2:o4:1
# text = He was an abandoned baby raised by a shepherd who grew into a man of enormous strength and courage in the forest
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | He | a abandoned baby |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **raise** | participle |  | a abandoned baby *not said here* |  |  |  | by a shepherd | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by shepherd=Destination |
| 4 | **grow** | past | a abandoned baby |  |  | the forest |  | into a man of enormous strength and courage | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, Shepherd Paul, part 51: Niels is caught and wed, then Paul gathers three strong friends and finds a dragon's captive](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/711-pg2435-part51/)