---
title: By what means was the prince afflicted following his obstinate refus… — Fairy Book, The Horse Gullfaxi And The… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means was the prince afflicted following his obstinate refusal to accompany his father? Exam question 1 of lesson 714 «Fairy Book, The Horse Gullfaxi And The Sword Gunnfoder, part 54: Sigurd hides three times and is cursed by a giantess» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the
---

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# Exam question 1 · Fairy Book, The Horse Gullfaxi And The Sword Gunnfoder, pa…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means was the prince afflicted following his obstinate refusal to accompany his father?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** prince, his · **What happens:** mean, be, follow, accompany, refuse · **To what, where:** obstinate refusal, father · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 714 «Fairy Book, The Horse Gullfaxi And The Sword Gunnfoder, part 54: Sigurd hides three times and is cursed by a giantess» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/714-pg2435-part54/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:714-pg2435-part54:e1:1
# text = By what means was the prince afflicted following his obstinate refusal to accompany his father?
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	obstinate	obstinate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	accompany	accompany	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | past | the prince |  |  |  |  | afflict *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **follow** | gerund | the prince *not said here* | his obstinate refusal |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refusal=Theme |
| 4 | **accompany** | to-infinitive | the prince *not said here* | his father |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Theme |
| 5 | **refuse** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by a spell of burning and drying

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:714-pg2435-part54:e1:o1:1
# text = by a spell of burning and drying
1	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	burning	burning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drying	drying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** |  |  | burning |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by a curse of scorching and withering

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:714-pg2435-part54:e1:o2:1
# text = by a curse of scorching and withering
1	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	scorching	scorch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	withering	wither	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scorch** | gerund | a curse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **wither** | gerund | a curse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by scorching

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:714-pg2435-part54:e1:o3:1
# text = by scorching
1	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scorching	scorch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scorch** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
through a charm of freezing and wilting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:714-pg2435-part54:e1:o4:1
# text = through a charm of freezing and wilting
1	through	through	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	wilting	wilting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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