---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Badger's justification for the said prohibition? Exam question 4 of lesson 72 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII, part 3: The Return of Ulysses (the invitations, «SPEECH BY TOAD» and «not one little song»)» of the books course of
---

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# Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII, part 3: The Return o…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Badger's justification for the said prohibition?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Badger · **What happens:** follow, characteris, say, justify · **To what, where:** justification · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 72 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII, part 3: The Return of Ulysses (the invitations, «SPEECH BY TOAD» and «not one little song»)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Badger's justification for the said prohibition?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	justification	justification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the Badger's justification |  |  |  | of the following statements; for the said prohibition; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **justify** |  | the Badger |  |  |  |  | for the said prohibition | nom justification «cognition transitive»: poss=agent for=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That Toad should be liked by all the animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs:e4:o1:1
# text = That Toad should be liked by all the animals
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	liked	like	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | should · passive | all animals | that Toad |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That Toad must be respected, not a laughing-stock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs:e4:o2:1
# text = That Toad must be respected, not a laughing-stock
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	respected	respect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	laughing	laughing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **respect** | must · passive |  | that Toad |  |  |  | a laughing stock *obl* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That Toad had to be respected because he was the Chief Weasel's friend and ally

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs:e4:o3:1
# text = That Toad had to be respected because he was the Chief Weasel's friend and ally
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	respected	respect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Weasel	Weasel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	advcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	ally	ally	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | that Toad |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **respect** | to-infinitive · passive | that Toad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S» |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Toad | the Chief Weasel's friend and ally |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That Toad needs to stop boasting and be sensible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs:e4:o4:1
# text = That Toad needs to stop boasting and be sensible
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	sensible	sensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | that Toad |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | that Toad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund | that Toad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | infinitive | that Toad *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sensible *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs/e3/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII,…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/73-willows-ch12-part4-an-altered-toad/t1/)
- ↑ back to [The Wind in the Willows, chapter XII, part 3: The Return of Ulysses (the invitations, «SPEECH BY TOAD» and «not one little song»)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/72-willows-ch12-part3-no-speeches-and-no-songs/)