---
title: By what means was the youngest son sentenced to a penalty of death b… — Grimm Fairy Tales, The Golden Bird, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means was the youngest son sentenced to a penalty of death by the court? Exam question 3 of lesson 725 «Grimm Fairy Tales, The Golden Bird, part 1: the youngest son catches the bird, is caught, and must fetch a golden horse» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency t
---

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# Exam question 3 · Grimm Fairy Tales, The Golden Bird, part 1: the youngest s…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means was the youngest son sentenced to a penalty of death by the court?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** mean, be, sentence · **To what, where:** youngest son

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 725 «Grimm Fairy Tales, The Golden Bird, part 1: the youngest son catches the bird, is caught, and must fetch a golden horse» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/725-pg2591-part1/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:725-pg2591-part1:e3:1
# text = By what means was the youngest son sentenced to a penalty of death by the court?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	sentenced	sentence	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | the youngest son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sentence** | participle |  | the youngest son *not said here* |  |  |  | to a penalty of death; by the court | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By placing the bird in the golden cage and waking the soldiers at the castle gate

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:725-pg2591-part1:e3:o1:1
# text = By placing the bird in the golden cage and waking the soldiers at the castle gate
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	placing	place	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	waking	wake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | gerund |  | the bird |  | the golden cage |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bird=Theme in cage=Destination |
| 2 | **wake** | gerund |  | the soldiers |  | the castle gate |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent soldier=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By shooting the bird from the tree

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:725-pg2591-part1:e3:o2:1
# text = By shooting the bird from the tree
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shooting	shoot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot** | gerund |  | the bird |  | the tree |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent bird=Theme from tree=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By placing the bird in the golden cage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:725-pg2591-part1:e3:o3:1
# text = By placing the bird in the golden cage
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	placing	place	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | gerund |  | the bird |  | the golden cage |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bird=Theme in cage=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By placing the bird in the golden cage, which the fox had warned him against

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:725-pg2591-part1:e3:o4:1
# text = By placing the bird in the golden cage, which the fox had warned him against
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	placing	place	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	warned	warn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | gerund |  | the bird |  | the golden cage |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bird=Theme in cage=Destination |
| 2 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past · perfect · passive |  | the golden cage | fox |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Grimm Fairy Tales, The Golden Bird, pa…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/725-pg2591-part1/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Grimm Fairy Tales, The Golden Bird, part 1: the youngest son catches the bird, is caught, and must fetch a golden horse](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/725-pg2591-part1/)