---
title: State, in accordance with established biology, the manner in which t… — Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4:… · tree and pragmatics
description: State, in accordance with established biology, the manner in which the patterns of animals' coats are acquired. Exam question 4 of lesson 77 «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, wit
---

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# Exam question 4 · Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State, in accordance with established biology, the manner in which the patterns of animals' coats are acquired.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** coats · **What happens:** establish, acquire, pattern · **To what, where:** patterns, manner

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 77 «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 1 (the game goes into the forest)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/77-justso-leopard-spots-1/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:77-justso-leopard-spots-1:e4:1
# text = State, in accordance with established biology, the manner in which the patterns of animals' coats are acquired.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	accordance	accordance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	biology	biology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	'	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	coats	coat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **acquire** | present · passive |  | the patterns of animals's coats |  | the manner |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **pattern** |  | animals's coats |  |  |  |  |  | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By inheritance from the parents, shaped over many generations

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:77-justso-leopard-spots-1:e4:o1:1
# text = By inheritance from the parents, shaped over many generations
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  | over many generations | by inheritance from the parents | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the deliberate painting of the coat with mud and charcoal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:77-justso-leopard-spots-1:e4:o2:1
# text = By the deliberate painting of the coat with mud and charcoal
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	charcoal	charcoal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the consumption of plants bearing spotted or striped leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:77-justso-leopard-spots-1:e4:o3:1
# text = By the consumption of plants bearing spotted or striped leaves
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	consumption	consumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	spotted	spot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	striped	stripe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | gerund | plants *not said here* | spotted leaves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 2 | **spot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 3 | **stripe** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **consume** |  |  | plants |  |  |  |  | nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By prolonged standing in the shadows cast by forest trees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:77-justso-leopard-spots-1:e4:o4:1
# text = By prolonged standing in the shadows cast by forest trees
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prolong** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund |  |  |  | the shadows |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shadow=Location |
| 3 | **cast** | participle |  | the shadows *not said here* |  |  |  | by forest trees | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by tree=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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