---
title: Identify the means by which the Hedgehog and the Tortoise acquired e… — Just So Stories, The Beginning of the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the means by which the Hedgehog and the Tortoise acquired each other's abilities, according to the narrative. Exam question 1 of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary scho
---

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# Exam question 1 · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2:…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the means by which the Hedgehog and the Tortoise acquired each other's abilities, according to the narrative.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the, Hedgehog · **What happens:** identify, mean, acquire, accord · **To what, where:** abilities · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:e1:1
# text = Identify the means by which the Hedgehog and the Tortoise acquired each other's abilities, according to the narrative.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Hedgehog	Hedgehog	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Tortoise	Tortoise	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	abilities	ability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	case	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **acquire** | past | the Hedgehog and the Tortoise | each other's abilities and the narrative |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ability=Theme |
| 4 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By mutual practice through the night, each assisting the other

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:e1:o1:1
# text = By mutual practice through the night, each assisting the other
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	mutual	mutual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	_
9	assisting	assist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assist** | gerund | each | the other |  |  |  | by mutual practice through the night | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By being transformed by the Parsee's cake-crumbs and the palm-tree's bark during a long and magical storm

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:e1:o2:1
# text = By being transformed by the Parsee's cake-crumbs and the palm-tree's bark during a long and magical storm
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Parsee	Parsee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
18	during	during	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	magical	magical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transform** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  | during a long storm | by the Parsee's cake crumbs and the palm tree's bark | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V» |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By being born in the river at dawn, under a full moon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:e1:o3:1
# text = By being born in the river at dawn, under a full moon
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | gerund · passive |  |  |  | the river | dawn | under a full moon | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S» |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a long process of trial, error and patient practice through the whole night, with each friend coaching the other step by step

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:e1:o4:1
# text = By a long process of trial, error and patient practice through the whole night, with each friend coaching the other step by step
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	patient	patient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
20	coaching	coach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **coach** | gerund | each friend *not said here* | the other step |  |  |  | by step | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **process** |  |  | trial |  |  |  |  | nom process «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Just So Stories, The Beginning of the…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo/)