---
title: «Excellent!» says each friend to the other again and again. What doe… — Just So Stories, The Beginning of the… · tree and pragmatics
description: «Excellent!» says each friend to the other again and again. What does this show? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2:…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Excellent!» says each friend to the other again and again. What does this show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** friend, this · **What happens:** say, show · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 83 «Just So Stories, The Beginning of the Armadillos, part 2: swimming lessons, curling lessons, and a new name» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Excellent!» says each friend to the other again and again.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:t4:1
# text = «Excellent!» says each friend to the other again and again.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Excellent	excellent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nmod	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | each friend |  |  |  | again |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does this show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:t4:2
# text = What does this show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are trying to trick Jaguar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:t4:o1:1
# text = They are trying to trick Jaguar
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	trick	trick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present · progressive | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **trick** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | Jaguar |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaguar=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are competing hard to be the first to finish, and each wants to win the prize for the best shape

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:t4:o2:1
# text = They are competing hard to be the first to finish, and each wants to win the prize for the best shape
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	competing	compete	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	nsubj	_	_
14	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	amod	_	_
22	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compete** | present · progressive | They |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **finish** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **want** | present | each |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **win** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | each *not said here* | the prize |  |  |  | for the best shape | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent prize=Theme for shape=Beneficiary |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They encourage each other kindly as they learn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:t4:o3:1
# text = They encourage each other kindly as they learn
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	encourage	encourage	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	2	obj	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	fixed	_	_
5	kindly	kindly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | present | They | each |  |  |  | kindly *property* | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are impatient with each other and want to finish the lesson and get back to sleep

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:83-justso-armadillos-2-the-first-armadillo:t4:o4:1
# text = They are impatient with each other and want to finish the lesson and get back to sleep
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	impatient	impatient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	3	obl	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	fixed	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | with each; impatient *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** | present | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **finish** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | the lesson |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality lesson=Eventuality |
| 4 | **get back** | infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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