---
title: State the principal reason given in the text for Rudy's inability to… — Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ice Maiden… · tree and pragmatics
description: State the principal reason given in the text for Rudy's inability to discharge his firearm upon regaining consciousness. Exam question 2 of lesson 862 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ice Maiden, part 73: Rudy climbs the mountain, meets the Ice Maiden, and loses his ring» of the books course of Mova's p
---

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# Exam question 2 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ice Maiden, part 73: Rudy clim…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the principal reason given in the text for Rudy's inability to discharge his firearm upon regaining consciousness.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** give, discharge, regain · **To what, where:** State principal reason, text, firearm, consciousness

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 862 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ice Maiden, part 73: Rudy climbs the mountain, meets the Ice Maiden, and loses his ring» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/862-pg27200-part73/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:862-pg27200-part73:e2:1
# text = State the principal reason given in the text for Rudy's inability to discharge his firearm upon regaining consciousness.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	inability	inability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	discharge	discharge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	firearm	firearm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	regaining	regain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
19	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle |  | the State principal reason *not said here* |  | the text |  | for Rudy's inability | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for inability=Asset |
| 2 | **discharge** | to-infinitive |  | Rudy's firearm |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firearm=Theme |
| 3 | **regain** | gerund |  | consciousness |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consciousness=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gun was dropped in the snow and the charge missed fire because of the storm and the cold wind

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:862-pg27200-part73:e2:o1:1
# text = The gun was dropped in the snow and the charge missed fire because of the storm and the cold wind
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	dropped	drop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past · passive |  | the gun |  | the snow |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in snow=Destination |
| 2 | **miss** | past | the charge | fire |  |  |  | because the storm and the cold wind | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fire=Stimulus |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The charge missed fire in the wet snow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:862-pg27200-part73:e2:o2:1
# text = The charge missed fire in the wet snow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **miss** | past | the charge | fire |  | the wet snow |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fire=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had forgotten to load the gun properly before climbing and then the cold froze the lock solid

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:862-pg27200-part73:e2:o3:1
# text = He had forgotten to load the gun properly before climbing and then the cold froze the lock solid
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	load	load	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	froze	freeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	lock	lock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | past · perfect | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **load** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the gun |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gun=Theme |
| 3 | **climb** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **freeze** | past | the cold | the lock |  |  | then | solid *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient lock=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lock jammed in the frozen air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:862-pg27200-part73:e2:o4:1
# text = The lock jammed in the frozen air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lock	lock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	jammed	jam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jam** | participle |  | the lock *not said here* |  | the frozen air |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in air=Destination |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ice Maiden…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/862-pg27200-part73/e1/)
- next →: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ice Maiden…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/862-pg27200-part73/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ice Maiden, part 73: Rudy climbs the mountain, meets the Ice Maiden, and loses his ring](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/862-pg27200-part73/)