---
title: State where and by whom the old drover was thrown into the river, an… — Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus a… · tree and pragmatics
description: State where and by whom the old drover was thrown into the river, and the reason Great Claus gave for doing so. Exam question 3 of lesson 870 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 81: Great Claus is beaten out of town, kills his own grandmother, and nearly drowns Little Claus, wh
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/870-pg27200-part81/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/) / [Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/870-pg27200-part81/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 8…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State where and by whom the old drover was thrown into the river, and the reason Great Claus gave for doing so.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** State, reason · **What happens:** throw, give, do · **To what, where:** old drover, river

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 870 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 81: Great Claus is beaten out of town, kills his own grandmother, and nearly drowns Little Claus, who escapes with a drover's cattle» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/870-pg27200-part81/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:870-pg27200-part81:e3:1
# text = State where and by whom the old drover was thrown into the river, and the reason Great Claus gave for doing so.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	drover	drover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	appos	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
20	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
21	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past · passive | State | the old drover |  |  |  | into the river *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer subject=Theme into river=Result |
| 2 | **give** | past | the reason |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | gerund | the reason *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pushed off the bridge into the broad, deep river by the cart drivers, who believed Great Claus had hidden Little Claus in it so that he could "play me no more tricks" and be sent away for good.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:870-pg27200-part81:e3:o1:1
# text = Pushed off the bridge into the broad, deep river by the cart drivers, who believed Great Claus had hidden Little Claus in it so that he could "play me no more tricks" and be sent away for good.
1	Pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	ccomp	_	_
22	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	21	obl:unmarked	_	_
23	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
26	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	31	mark	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	fixed	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
32	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	no	no	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	35	amod	_	_
35	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	35	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	conj	_	_
40	away	away	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
41	for	for	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push off** | participle |  | the bridge |  | the broad deep river |  | by the cart drivers | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme into river=Destination |
| 2 | **believe** | past | the cart drivers |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hide** | past · perfect · passive |  | Great |  | river |  | Little *obl:unmarked* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in it=Location |
| 4 | **play** *in a quote* | could | Great | more tricks | me |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary trick=Theme |
| 5 | **send away** | infinitive · passive | Great *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for good; away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP» |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thrown into the broad, deep river by Great Claus, who believed it held Little Claus and that he would "play me no more tricks."

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:870-pg27200-part81:e3:o2:1
# text = Thrown into the broad, deep river by Great Claus, who believed it held Little Claus and that he would "play me no more tricks."
1	Thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
16	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
24	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	no	no	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	27	amod	_	_
27	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | into the broad deep river *result*; by Great | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into river=Result |
| 2 | **believe** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hold** | past | river | Little Claus |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claus=Theme |
| 4 | **play** *in a quote* | would | Claus | more tricks | me |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary trick=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thrown into the broad, deep river near the church by Great Claus, who believed it held Little Claus, after the apothecary had told him he would be punished and that he would "play me no more tricks" ever again.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:870-pg27200-part81:e3:o3:1
# text = Thrown into the broad, deep river near the church by Great Claus, who believed it held Little Claus, after the apothecary had told him he would be punished and that he would "play me no more tricks" ever again.
1	Thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
13	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
19	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	apothecary	apothecary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	iobj	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	ccomp	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
33	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
35	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	conj	_	_
38	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	no	no	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	41	amod	_	_
41	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	41	punct	_	_
43	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	44	advmod	_	_
44	again	again	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | into the broad deep river *result*; near the church; by Great | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into river=Result |
| 2 | **believe** | past | Great |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hold** | past | church | Little Claus |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claus=Theme |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · perfect · passive |  | the apothecary | Claus |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **punish** | would · passive |  | Claus |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 6 | **play** *in a quote* | would | Claus | more tricks | me |  | again |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary trick=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Into the lake by the church by Great Claus, who thought Little Claus was inside and "would play no more tricks."

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:870-pg27200-part81:e3:o4:1
# text = Into the lake by the church by Great Claus, who thought Little Claus was inside and "would play no more tricks."
1	Into	into	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl	_	_
13	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	16	nsubj	_	_
14	Claus	Claus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	12	ccomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
21	no	no	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the lake by the church by Great |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | Little |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **play** *in a quote* | would | Little *not said here* | more tricks |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus a…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/870-pg27200-part81/e2/)
- next →: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus a…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/870-pg27200-part81/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Andersen's Fairy Tales, Little Claus and Big Claus, part 81: Great Claus is beaten out of town, kills his own grandmother, and nearly drowns Little Claus, who escapes with a drover's cattle](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/870-pg27200-part81/)