---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Just So Stories, The Crab that Played… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of the Himalayas in the real world? Exam question 4 of lesson 90 «Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 1: the Eldest Magician and the sea that will not behave» of the books course of Mova's primary scho
---

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# Exam question 4 · Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 1…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of the Himalayas in the real world?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** formation, real world

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 90 «Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 1: the Eldest Magician and the sea that will not behave» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of the Himalayas in the real world?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Himalayas	Himalaya	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the formation of the Himalayas |  | the real world |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Waves from the sea piled the rock up against the coast of Asia

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician:e4:o1:1
# text = Waves from the sea piled the rock up against the coast of Asia
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	piled	pile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pile up** | past | Waves from the sea | the rock |  | the coast of Asia |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rock=Theme against coast=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were raised by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia over millions of years, folding the rock

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician:e4:o2:1
# text = They were raised by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia over millions of years, folding the rock
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	northward	northward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	folding	fold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past · passive | millions of years | They |  |  |  | by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme by collision=Destination |
| 2 | **fold** | gerund | millions of years *not said here* | the rock |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rock=Patient |
| 3 | **collide** |  | the land of India with Asia |  |  |  |  |  | nom collision «event intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were raised by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician:e4:o3:1
# text = They were raised by the northward collision of the land of India with Asia
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	northward	northward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past · passive | the northward collision of the land of India with Asia | They |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **collide** |  | the land of India with Asia |  |  |  |  |  | nom collision «event intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were thrust up by the southward collision of Asia with the land of India, long before any humans lived there

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician:e4:o4:1
# text = They were thrust up by the southward collision of Asia with the land of India, long before any humans lived there
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	thrust	thrust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	southward	southward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	_
18	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thrust up** | past · passive | the southward collision of Asia | They |  |  |  | with the land of India | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | past | any humans |  |  | there |  | long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **collide** |  | Asia |  |  |  |  |  | nom collision «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Just So Stories, The Crab that Played…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician/e3/)
- next →: [Just So Stories, The Crab that Played…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 1: the Eldest Magician and the sea that will not behave](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/90-justso-crab-1-the-eldest-magician/)