---
title: It is given that Pau Amma, rendered soft, declined to leave Pusat Ta… — Just So Stories, The Crab that Played… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that Pau Amma, rendered soft, declined to leave Pusat Tasek. Select the reason most consistent with his own words. Exam question 3 of lesson 91 «Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 2: Pau Amma loses his shell» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the de
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/) / [Just So Stories, The Crab that Played…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 2…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that Pau Amma, rendered soft, declined to leave Pusat Tasek. Select the reason most consistent with his own words.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Pau, you · **What happens:** give, render, decline, not leave, select, word · **To what, where:** It, Pusat, reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 91 «Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 2: Pau Amma loses his shell» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that Pau Amma, rendered soft, declined to leave Pusat Tasek.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell:e3:1
# text = It is given that Pau Amma, rendered soft, declined to leave Pusat Tasek.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	Pau	Pau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	Amma	Amma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
8	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	declined	decline	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	Pusat	Pusat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	Tasek	Tasek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **render** | past | Pau |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **decline** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **leave** | to-infinitive |  | Pusat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pusat=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Select the reason most consistent with his own words.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell:e3:2
# text = Select the reason most consistent with his own words.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **word** |  | Pau |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He feared that sharks and dogfish would devour him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell:e3:o1:1
# text = He feared that sharks and dogfish would devour him
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	dogfish	dogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	devour	devour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fear** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **devour** | would | sharks and dogfish | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wanted to stay near the Magician's house

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell:e3:o2:1
# text = He wanted to stay near the Magician's house
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Magician	Magician	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  | the Magician's house |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near house=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was afraid of Raja Kaban

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell:e3:o3:1
# text = He was afraid of Raja Kaban
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Raja	Raja	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	Kaban	Kaban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | of Raja; afraid *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He feared the sharks and dogfish would eat him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell:e3:o4:1
# text = He feared the sharks and dogfish would eat him
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	dogfish	dogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fear** | past | He | the sharks |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shark=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat** | would | dogfish | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Just So Stories, The Crab that Played…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell/e2/)
- next →: [Just So Stories, The Crab that Played…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Just So Stories, The Crab that Played with the Sea, part 2: Pau Amma loses his shell](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/91-justso-crab-2-pau-amma-loses-his-shell/)