---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Just So Stories, The Butterfly that St… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression «a just-so story» as employed by scientists? Exam question 4 of lesson 97 «Just So Stories, The Butterfly that Stamped, part 2: the Butterfly stamps, Balkis is wise, and the book ends» of the books course of Mova's primar
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends/e4/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/) / [Just So Stories, The Butterfly that St…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends/) / e4

# Exam question 4 · Just So Stories, The Butterfly that Stamped, part 2: the B…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression «a just-so story» as employed by scientists?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, employ · **To what, where:** expression

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 97 «Just So Stories, The Butterfly that Stamped, part 2: the Butterfly stamps, Balkis is wise, and the book ends» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression «a just-so story» as employed by scientists?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the expression |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by scientists | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A well-known theory that has been proven by all scientists

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends:e4:o1:1
# text = A well-known theory that has been proven by all scientists
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **prove** | present · perfect · passive | all scientists | a known theory |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An explanation that is charming and has been tested by many scientists over many years

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends:e4:o2:1
# text = An explanation that is charming and has been tested by many scientists over many years
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	charming	charm	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charm** | present · progressive | a explanation |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **test** | present · perfect · passive | many scientists | a explanation |  |  | year |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An attractive explanation lacking supporting evidence

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends:e4:o3:1
# text = An attractive explanation lacking supporting evidence
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	attractive	attractive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	lacking	lack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	supporting	supporting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | gerund | a attractive explanation *not said here* | supporting evidence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pretty tale for children that scientists have been using, with no proof, since the start of the modern world

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends:e4:o4:1
# text = A pretty tale for children that scientists have been using, with no proof, since the start of the modern world
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	det	_	_
7	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux	_	_
10	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	since	since	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · perfect · progressive |  | a pretty tale |  |  | since the start of the modern world | for children and that scientists | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent tale=Theme for child=Eventuality |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | the modern world |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Just So Stories, The Butterfly that St…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends/e3/)
- next →: [Grimm's Fairy Stories, The Goose Girl,…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/98-pg11027-part1/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Just So Stories, The Butterfly that Stamped, part 2: the Butterfly stamps, Balkis is wise, and the book ends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/97-justso-butterfly-2-the-butterfly-stamps-and-the-book-ends/)