---
title: Which of the following accurately identifies the cause of the yard-d… — Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Man,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following accurately identifies the cause of the yard-dog's confinement to the chain? Exam question 2 of lesson 977 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Man, part 188: a thaw comes, and the Snow Man longs for the stove» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree
---

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# Exam question 2 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Man, part 188: a thaw com…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following accurately identifies the cause of the yard-dog's confinement to the chain?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** yard dog · **What happens:** follow, identify, cause, confine · **To what, where:** cause, confinement

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 977 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Man, part 188: a thaw comes, and the Snow Man longs for the stove» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/977-pg27200-part188/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:977-pg27200-part188:e2:1
# text = Which of the following accurately identifies the cause of the yard-dog's confinement to the chain?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nsubj	_	_
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	identifies	identify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	confinement	confinement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **identify** | present |  | the cause of the yard dog's confinement |  |  |  | to the chain; accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent cause=Theme to chain=be' |
| 3 | **cause** |  |  | the yard dog's confinement |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **confine** |  | the yard dog |  |  |  |  |  | nom confinement «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
for chasing the youngest son

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:977-pg27200-part188:e2:o1:1
# text = for chasing the youngest son
1	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	chasing	chase	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | gerund |  | the youngest son |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
for stealing the master's bread

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:977-pg27200-part188:e2:o2:1
# text = for stealing the master's bread
1	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | gerund |  | the master's bread |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bread=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
having bitten the youngest son of his master

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:977-pg27200-part188:e2:o3:1
# text = having bitten the youngest son of his master
1	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
2	bitten	bite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bite** | gerund · perfect |  | the youngest son of his master |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
for barking loudly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:977-pg27200-part188:e2:o4:1
# text = for barking loudly
1	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Man,…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/977-pg27200-part188/e1/)
- next →: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Man,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/977-pg27200-part188/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Man, part 188: a thaw comes, and the Snow Man longs for the stove](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/977-pg27200-part188/)