---
title: "tyre was fine yesterday, looks flat this morning, it's minus 5". Wh… — Gases all around: breath and balloons · tree and pragmatics
description: "tyre was fine yesterday, looks flat this morning, it's minus 5". What's the likely reason? Test 10 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Test 10 · ★ · Gases all around: breath and balloons

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"tyre was fine yesterday, looks flat this morning, it's minus 5". What's the likely reason?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** tyre, likely reason · **What happens:** be, look · **To what, where:** minus 5

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "tyre was fine yesterday, looks flat this morning, it's minus 5".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t10:1
# text = "tyre was fine yesterday, looks flat this morning, it's minus 5".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	minus	minus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | past | tyre |  |  |  | yesterday | fine *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  | morning | flat *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | tyre | minus 5 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the likely reason?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t10:2
# text = What's the likely reason?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the likely reason |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frost has leaked into it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t10:o1:1
# text = Frost has leaked into it
1	Frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	leaked	leak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | present · perfect · passive |  | Frost |  | it |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold air in it pushes less on the walls

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t10:o2:1
# text = Cold air in it pushes less on the walls
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
5	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | present | Cold air in it |  |  |  |  | on the walls; less *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on wall=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hedgehog bit a small hole in it during the night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t10:o3:1
# text = A hedgehog bit a small hole in it during the night
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold makes the tyre grow bigger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t10:o4:1
# text = Cold makes the tyre grow bigger
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Cold | the tyre |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | infinitive | the tyre *not said here* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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