---
title: In class, Sam pumps air into lime water and nothing much happens; th… — Gases all around: breath and balloons · tree and pragmatics
description: In class, Sam pumps air into lime water and nothing much happens; then he breathes into it and it goes milky. Why the difference? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question 
---

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# Test 6 · ★ · Gases all around: breath and balloons

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In class, Sam pumps air into lime water and nothing much happens; then he breathes into it and it goes milky. Why the difference?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Sam, much, air · **What happens:** pump, happen, breathe, go · **To what, where:** air, class, water

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 20 «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In class, Sam pumps air into lime water and nothing much happens; then he breathes into it and it goes milky.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t6:1
# text = In class, Sam pumps air into lime water and nothing much happens; then he breathes into it and it goes milky.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	pumps	pump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	conj	_	_
12	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	nsubj	_	_
13	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	breathes	breathe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
23	milky	milky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pump** | present | Sam | air |  | class |  | into lime water | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme in class=Destination |
| 2 | **happen** | present | much |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **breathe** | present | Sam |  |  | water | then |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | present | air |  |  |  |  | milky *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why the difference?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t6:2
# text = Why the difference?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breath is warmer, and lime water likes heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t6:o1:1
# text = Breath is warmer, and lime water likes heat
1	Breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	warmer	warm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Breath |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **like** | present | lime water | heat |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot heat=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pump was broken

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t6:o2:1
# text = The pump was broken
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pump	pump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past · passive |  | the pump |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam's breath had sweets in it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t6:o3:1
# text = Sam's breath had sweets in it
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Sam's breath | sweets |  | it |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breath has much more carbon dioxide

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons:t6:o4:1
# text = Breath has much more carbon dioxide
1	Breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Breath | more carbon dioxide |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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