---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a cut apple turns brown upon… — Browning apples, rotting and mould · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a cut apple turns brown upon exposure to air. Exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was righ
---

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# Exam question 1 · Browning apples, rotting and mould

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a cut apple turns brown upon exposure to air.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, cut apple · **What happens:** identify, turn · **To what, where:** principal reason, exposure

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a cut apple turns brown upon exposure to air.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cut	cut	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
11	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | present | a cut apple |  |  | exposure |  | for the principal reason; to air; brown *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme upon exposure=Source to air=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It absorbs dust and pollutants from the atmosphere

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e1:o1:1
# text = It absorbs dust and pollutants from the atmosphere
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	absorbs	absorb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pollutants	pollutant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present | It | dust and pollutants |  | the atmosphere |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Goal dust=Theme from atmosphere=Source |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mould spores colonise it within minutes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e1:o2:1
# text = Mould spores colonise it within minutes
1	Mould	mould	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	spores	spore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	colonise	colonise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonise** | present | Mould spores | it |  |  | minute |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its chemicals react with oxygen, assisted by an enzyme

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e1:o3:1
# text = Its chemicals react with oxygen, assisted by an enzyme
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	react	react	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	assisted	assist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	enzyme	enzyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **react** | present | Its chemicals |  |  |  |  | with oxygen | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with oxygen=Eventuality |
| 2 | **assist** | participle | Its chemicals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by a enzyme | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light causes the flesh to burn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e1:o4:1
# text = Light causes the flesh to burn
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Light | the flesh |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition flesh=Patient |
| 2 | **burn** | to-infinitive | Light *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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