---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Browning apples, rotting and mould · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of freezing upon germs in meat? Exam question 3 of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; M
---

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# Exam question 3 · Browning apples, rotting and mould

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of freezing upon germs in meat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, effect · **To what, where:** effect, freezing

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of freezing upon germs in meat?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the effect of freezing |  |  |  | of the following statements; upon germs in meat; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **effect** |  |  | freezing |  |  |  | upon germs in meat | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient upon=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Growth is almost halted, but most germs are not killed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e3:o1:1
# text = Growth is almost halted, but most germs are not killed
1	Growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	halted	halt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **halt** | present · passive |  | Growth |  |  |  | almost *property* | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **kill** | present · passive |  | most germs |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germs multiply more rapidly at low temperature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e3:o2:1
# text = Germs multiply more rapidly at low temperature
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	multiply	multiply	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **multiply** | present | Germs |  |  | low temperature |  | rapidly *property* | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All germs are destroyed instantaneously

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e3:o3:1
# text = All germs are destroyed instantaneously
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	instantaneously	instantaneously	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present · passive |  | all germs |  |  |  | instantaneously *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freezing renders meat safe without cooking

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e3:o4:1
# text = Freezing renders meat safe without cooking
1	Freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	renders	render	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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