--- title: Ascertain the principle by which salt, sugar and drying preserve food. — Browning apples, rotting and mould · tree and pragmatics description: Ascertain the principle by which salt, sugar and drying preserve food. Exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/) / [Browning apples, rotting and mould](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · Browning apples, rotting and mould Ascertain the principle by which salt, sugar and drying preserve food. **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, preserve · **To what, where:** principle, food This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e4:1 # text = Ascertain the principle by which salt, sugar and drying preserve food. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 principle principle NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 6 det _ _ 6 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 drying drying NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 11 preserve preserve VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _ 12 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 13 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principle | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent principle=Topic | | 2 | **preserve** | present | | food | | | | by which salt and sugar and drying | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} They raise the temperature of the food ```conllu # sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e4:o1:1 # text = They raise the temperature of the food 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 raise raise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **raise** | present | They | the temperature of the food | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} They supply oxygen that destroys germs ```conllu # sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e4:o2:1 # text = They supply oxygen that destroys germs 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 supply supply VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 destroys destroy VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **supply** | present | They | oxygen | | | | | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Recipient | | 2 | **destroy** | present | oxygen | germs | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Patient | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} They deprive germs of the water they require ```conllu # sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e4:o3:1 # text = They deprive germs of the water they require 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 deprive deprive VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 require require VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **deprive** | present | They | germs of the water | | | | | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Source | | 2 | **require** | present | germs *= germ* | the water *not said here* | | | | | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Precondition | ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4} They convert the food into a mineral ```conllu # sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:e4:o4:1 # text = They convert the food into a mineral 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 convert convert VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 mineral mineral NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **convert** | present | They | the food | | | | into a mineral *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent food=Patient into mineral=Result | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Browning apples, rotting and mould, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/e3/) - next →: [Soap and why washing works, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/24-soap-and-why-washing-works/t1/) - ↑ back to [Browning apples, rotting and mould](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/)