---
title: On a frosty morning, Grandpa's compost heap is steaming. Ella thinks… — Browning apples, rotting and mould · tree and pragmatics
description: On a frosty morning, Grandpa's compost heap is steaming. Ella thinks it's on fire. What's true? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Test 7 · ★ · Browning apples, rotting and mould

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a frosty morning, Grandpa's compost heap is steaming. Ella thinks it's on fire. What's true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** compost heap, Ella, heap · **What happens:** steam, think, be · **To what, where:** fire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 23 «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* On a frosty morning, Grandpa's compost heap is steaming.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:t7:1
# text = On a frosty morning, Grandpa's compost heap is steaming.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	compost	compost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	steaming	steam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steam** | present · progressive | Grandpa's compost heap |  |  |  | morning |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ella thinks it's on fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:t7:2
# text = Ella thinks it's on fire.
1	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Ella |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | heap |  |  | fire |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What's true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:t7:3
# text = What's true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone poured a kettle of hot water over it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:t7:o1:1
# text = Someone poured a kettle of hot water over it
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	poured	pour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kettle	kettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | past | Someone | a kettle of hot water |  | water |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kettle=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Microbes breaking down the scraps make heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:t7:o2:1
# text = Microbes breaking down the scraps make heat
1	Microbes	microbe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scraps	scrap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | gerund | Microbes *not said here* | the scraps |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scrap=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | Microbes | heat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset heat=Product |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frost is boiling away

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:t7:o3:1
# text = The frost is boiling away
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	boiling	boil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boil away** | present · progressive | the frost |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is on fire and needs water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould:t7:o4:1
# text = It is on fire and needs water
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | fire |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present |  | water |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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