---
title: Grandad says carrots let RAF pilots see in the dark. What's the real… — Leaves, fruit and colour in nature · tree and pragmatics
description: Grandad says carrots let RAF pilots see in the dark. What's the real story? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 28 «Leaves, fruit and colour in nature» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Leaves, fruit and colour in nature

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad says carrots let RAF pilots see in the dark. What's the real story?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Grandad, carrots, RAF pilots, real story · **What happens:** say, let, see, be · **To what, where:** RAF pilots, dark · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 28 «Leaves, fruit and colour in nature» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandad says carrots let RAF pilots see in the dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:28-colour-in-nature:t4:1
# text = Grandad says carrots let RAF pilots see in the dark.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	RAF	raf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | carrots | RAF pilots |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | present | RAF pilots *not said here* |  |  | the dark |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the real story?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:28-colour-in-nature:t4:2
# text = What's the real story?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the real story |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrots really did give the pilots night vision

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:28-colour-in-nature:t4:o1:1
# text = Carrots really did give the pilots night vision
1	Carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	really	really	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · do-support | Carrots | the pilots |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent pilot=Recipient vision=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrots were the pilots' only food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:28-colour-in-nature:t4:o2:1
# text = Carrots were the pilots' only food
1	Carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Carrots |  |  |  |  | 's the pilots and food | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That story is usually said to have hidden radar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:28-colour-in-nature:t4:o3:1
# text = That story is usually said to have hidden radar
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	radar	radar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | that story |  |  |  | usually *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive |  | hidden radar |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radar=Patient |
| 3 | **hide** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pilots ate carrots to stay awake

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:28-colour-in-nature:t4:o4:1
# text = Pilots ate carrots to stay awake
1	Pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Pilots | carrots |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** | to-infinitive | Pilots *not said here* |  |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Leaves, fruit and colour in nature, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/t3/)
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