---
title: A candle placed beneath an inverted jar is extinguished. Ascertain t… — Olympiad: everyday chemistry detective… · tree and pragmatics
description: A candle placed beneath an inverted jar is extinguished. Ascertain the reason. Exam question 3 of lesson 37 «Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wr
---

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# Exam question 3 · Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A candle placed beneath an inverted jar is extinguished. Ascertain the reason.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** candle, you · **What happens:** place, invert, be, ascertain · **To what, where:** candle, inverted jar, reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 37 «Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A candle placed beneath an inverted jar is extinguished.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives:e3:1
# text = A candle placed beneath an inverted jar is extinguished.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	inverted	invert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	extinguished	extinguished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | participle |  | a candle *not said here* |  | a inverted jar |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beneath jar=Destination |
| 2 | **invert** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | a candle |  |  |  |  | extinguished *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the reason.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives:e3:2
# text = Ascertain the reason.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jar has cooled the wax so that it cannot melt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives:e3:o1:1
# text = The jar has cooled the wax so that it cannot melt
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | present · perfect · passive |  | the jar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **melt** | can | jar |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wick has been dissolved by water vapour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives:e3:o2:1
# text = The wick has been dissolved by water vapour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wick	wick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dissolve** | present · perfect · passive | water vapour | the wick |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The oxygen within the jar has largely been used up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives:e3:o3:1
# text = The oxygen within the jar has largely been used up
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	within	within	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use up** | present · perfect · passive |  | the oxygen within the jar |  |  |  | largely *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carbon dioxide inside has caught fire

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives:e3:o4:1
# text = The carbon dioxide inside has caught fire
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | present · perfect · passive |  | the carbon dioxide |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary fire=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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