---
title: In a cartoon, someone pours a gas into a jar and it sits at the bott… — Solids, liquids and gases · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon, someone pours a gas into a jar and it sits at the bottom like water, filling half. What is wrong? Test 5 of lesson 4 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice w
---

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# Test 5 · Solids, liquids and gases

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon, someone pours a gas into a jar and it sits at the bottom like water, filling half. What is wrong?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** someone, gas · **What happens:** pour, sit, fill, be · **To what, where:** gas, cartoon, bottom, half

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 4 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/4-solids-liquids-and-gases/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon, someone pours a gas into a jar and it sits at the bottom like water, filling half.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:4-solids-liquids-and-gases:t5:1
# text = In a cartoon, someone pours a gas into a jar and it sits at the bottom like water, filling half.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	pours	pour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
22	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | present | someone | a gas |  | a cartoon |  | into a jar | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent gas=Theme into jar=Destination |
| 2 | **sit** | present | gas |  |  | the bottom |  | like water | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at bottom=Location |
| 3 | **fill** | gerund | gas *not said here* | half |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent half=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is wrong?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:4-solids-liquids-and-gases:t5:2
# text = What is wrong?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gases turn solid in jars

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:4-solids-liquids-and-gases:t5:o1:1
# text = Gases turn solid in jars
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Gases |  |  | jars |  | solid *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in jar=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air-like gases spread to fill the whole jar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:4-solids-liquids-and-gases:t5:o2:1
# text = Air-like gases spread to fill the whole jar
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | like gases |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fill** | to-infinitive | like gases *not said here* | the whole jar |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent jar=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gases always float out of jars

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:4-solids-liquids-and-gases:t5:o3:1
# text = Gases always float out of jars
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	float	float	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | present | Gases |  |  | jars |  | always *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out jar=Trajectory |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, gases always fill exactly half of whatever they are poured into

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:4-solids-liquids-and-gases:t5:o4:1
# text = Nothing, gases always fill exactly half of whatever they are poured into
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	fill	fill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nmod	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | present | Nothing gases | half of whatever |  |  |  | always *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent half=Patient |
| 2 | **pour** | present · passive |  | gases *= gas* |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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