---
title: It is given that a sealed vessel completely filled with water has be… — Melting, freezing, boiling and condens… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a sealed vessel completely filled with water has been placed in a freezer and is subsequently found fractured. Identify the principal cause. Exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a sealed vessel completely filled with water has been placed in a freezer and is subsequently found fractured. Identify the principal cause.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, seal, fill, place, find, fracture · **To what, where:** It, sealed vessel, freezer, principal cause

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a sealed vessel completely filled with water has been placed in a freezer and is subsequently found fractured.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing:e2:1
# text = It is given that a sealed vessel completely filled with water has been placed in a freezer and is subsequently found fractured.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sealed	seal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	freezer	freezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
20	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
22	fractured	fracture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **seal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **fill** | participle |  | a sealed vessel *not said here* |  |  |  | with water; completely *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with water=Instrument |
| 4 | **place** | present · perfect · passive |  | a sealed vessel |  | a freezer |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in freezer=Destination |
| 5 | **find** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | subsequently *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: clause=Theme |
| 6 | **fracture** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Identify the principal cause.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing:e2:2
# text = Identify the principal cause.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vessel was attacked by the freezer's cold air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing:e2:o1:1
# text = The vessel was attacked by the freezer's cold air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	attacked	attack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	freezer	freezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | past · passive | the freezer's cold air | the vessel |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water contracted upon freezing and drew the walls inward

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing:e2:o2:1
# text = The water contracted upon freezing and drew the walls inward
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
7	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	inward	inward	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | participle |  | the water *not said here* |  |  |  | upon freezing | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **draw** | past | the water | the walls |  |  |  | inward *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice acquired a greater mass than the water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing:e2:o3:1
# text = The ice acquired a greater mass than the water
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acquire** | past | the ice | a greater mass |  |  |  | than the water | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mass=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water expanded in volume upon freezing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing:e2:o4:1
# text = The water expanded in volume upon freezing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	expanded	expand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expand** | participle |  | the water *not said here* |  | volume |  | upon freezing | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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