---
title: Identify the principal reason for which fish in a pond may suffer du… — Mixing and dissolving · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which fish in a pond may suffer during periods of excessive heat. Exam question 4 of lesson 6 «Mixing and dissolving» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wron
---

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# Exam question 4 · Mixing and dissolving

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which fish in a pond may suffer during periods of excessive heat.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, fish · **What happens:** identify, suffer · **To what, where:** principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 6 «Mixing and dissolving» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/6-mixing-and-dissolving/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:6-mixing-and-dissolving:e4:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which fish in a pond may suffer during periods of excessive heat.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	periods	period	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **suffer** | may | fish in a pond |  |  |  | during periods of excessive heat | for the principal reason | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish are unable to swim in warm water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:6-mixing-and-dissolving:e4:o1:1
# text = Fish are unable to swim in warm water
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fish |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | to-infinitive | Fish *not said here* |  |  | warm water |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warm water contains a greater quantity of dissolved salt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:6-mixing-and-dissolving:e4:o2:1
# text = Warm water contains a greater quantity of dissolved salt
1	Warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Warm water | a greater quantity of dissolved salt |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quantity=Theme |
| 2 | **dissolve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warm water retains a lesser quantity of dissolved oxygen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:6-mixing-and-dissolving:e4:o3:1
# text = Warm water retains a lesser quantity of dissolved oxygen
1	Warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retains	retain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lesser	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | present | Warm water | a lesser quantity of dissolved oxygen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dissolve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sunlight renders pond water poisonous

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:6-mixing-and-dissolving:e4:o4:1
# text = Sunlight renders pond water poisonous
1	Sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	renders	render	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Mixing and dissolving, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/6-mixing-and-dissolving/e3/)
- next →: [Oil and water, and things that won't mix, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/7-oil-and-water/t1/)
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