---
title: It is given that bubbles are observed in a liquid. Determine whether… — Changes you can undo and changes you c… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that bubbles are observed in a liquid. Determine whether this observation alone establishes that a chemical change has occurred. Exam question 4 of lesson 9 «Changes you can undo and changes you can't» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmat
---

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# Exam question 4 · Changes you can undo and changes you can't

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that bubbles are observed in a liquid. Determine whether this observation alone establishes that a chemical change has occurred.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, observation, chemical change · **What happens:** give, observe, determine, establish, occur · **To what, where:** It, bubbles, liquid

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 9 «Changes you can undo and changes you can't» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that bubbles are observed in a liquid.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:e4:1
# text = It is given that bubbles are observed in a liquid.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | present · passive |  | bubbles |  | a liquid |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine whether this observation alone establishes that a chemical change has occurred.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:e4:2
# text = Determine whether this observation alone establishes that a chemical change has occurred.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	establishes	establish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	occurred	occur	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **establish** | present | this observation |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **occur** | present · perfect | a chemical change |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It does, provided the liquid is water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:e4:o1:1
# text = It does, provided the liquid is water
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **provide** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the liquid | water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It does, in all cases without exception, bubbles being proof of a new substance

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:e4:o2:1
# text = It does, in all cases without exception, bubbles being proof of a new substance
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	exception	exception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
12	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | It |  |  | all cases without exception and proof |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund | bubbles | proof |  |  |  | of a new substance | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It does not, since boiling water bubbles without forming a new substance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:e4:o3:1
# text = It does not, since boiling water bubbles without forming a new substance
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	boiling	boil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	forming	form	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **do** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **boil** | gerund |  | water bubbles |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bubble=Patient |
| 3 | **form** | gerund |  | a new substance |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location substance=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It does, provided the vessel is metal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:e4:o4:1
# text = It does, provided the vessel is metal
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **provide** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the vessel | metal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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