---
title: Your friend says: "Bubbles mean a new substance, so boiling water is… — Changes you can undo and changes you c… · tree and pragmatics
description: Your friend says: "Bubbles mean a new substance, so boiling water is a chemical change." Put him right. Test 1 · ★ of lesson 9 «Changes you can undo and changes you can't» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Changes you can undo and changes you can't

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your friend says: "Bubbles mean a new substance, so boiling water is a chemical change." Put him right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** friend, Bubbles, boiling water, you · **What happens:** say, mean, boil, be, put · **To what, where:** new substance, chemical change, friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 9 «Changes you can undo and changes you can't» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your friend says: "Bubbles mean a new substance, so boiling water is a chemical change."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:t1:1
# text = Your friend says: "Bubbles mean a new substance, so boiling water is a chemical change."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
13	boiling	boil	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** *in a quote* | present | Bubbles | a new substance |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Topic |
| 3 | **boil** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | boiling water | a chemical change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Put him right.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:t1:2
# text = Put him right.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | friend |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Boiling makes hydrogen and oxygen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:t1:o1:1
# text = Boiling makes hydrogen and oxygen
1	Boiling	boiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Boiling | hydrogen and oxygen |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hydrogen=Product |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bubbles are air from the kettle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:t1:o2:1
# text = The bubbles are air from the kettle
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kettle	kettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the bubbles | air |  | the kettle |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is right, boiling breaks the old water up and makes brand new water from it

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:t1:o3:1
# text = He is right, boiling breaks the old water up and makes brand new water from it
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	boiling	boiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	brand	brand	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **break up** | present | boiling | the old water |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present | He *not said here* | new water |  | boiling |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset water=Product from it=Material |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bubbles are water vapour, still water, so it is reversible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chemistry:9-changes-you-can-and-cannot-undo:t1:o4:1
# text = The bubbles are water vapour, still water, so it is reversible
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	reversible	reversible	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the bubbles | water vapour and water and reversible |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | water | reversible |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Separating mixtures, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chemistry/8-separating-mixtures/e4/)
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