---
title: Ascertain the reason for which certain families refrain from present… — Games: rock-paper-scissors, hide and s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which certain families refrain from presenting books at the New Year. Exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Games: rock-paper-scissors, hide and seek, cheat!» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each o
---

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# Exam question 2 · Games: rock-paper-scissors, hide and seek, cheat!

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which certain families refrain from presenting books at the New Year.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, certain families · **What happens:** ascertain, refrain, present · **To what, where:** reason, presenting books

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Games: rock-paper-scissors, hide and seek, cheat!» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chinese-street/14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek:e2:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which certain families refrain from presenting books at the New Year.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	refrain	refrain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	presenting	present	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **refrain** | present | certain families |  |  | presenting books | at the New Year | for the reason | vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent from book=Eventuality |
| 3 | **present** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word for book is homophonous with the word for losing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek:e2:o1:1
# text = The word for book is homophonous with the word for losing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	homophonous	homophonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the word for book |  |  |  |  | with the word; homophonous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | gerund | the word *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Books are considered unsuitable for children at festivals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek:e2:o2:1
# text = Books are considered unsuitable for children at festivals
1	Books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	unsuitable	unsuitable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	festivals	festival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consider** | present · passive |  | Books |  | festivals |  | for children; unsuitable *property* | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading is prohibited during festivals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek:e2:o3:1
# text = Reading is prohibited during festivals
1	Reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	festivals	festival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | present · passive |  | Reading |  |  | during festivals |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Books are associated with funerals and mourning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek:e2:o4:1
# text = Books are associated with funerals and mourning
1	Books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	associated	associate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	funerals	funeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mourning	mourning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **associate** | present · passive |  | Books |  |  |  | with funerals and mourning | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with funeral=Co-Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Games: rock-paper-scissors, hide and s…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chinese-street/14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek/e1/)
- next →: [Games: rock-paper-scissors, hide and s…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chinese-street/14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Games: rock-paper-scissors, hide and seek, cheat!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chinese-street/14-games-rock-paper-scissors-hide-and-seek/)