---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — At the friend's home: what to say to t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression dǎrǎo le, as uttered by a departing child? Exam question 4 of lesson 28 «At the friend's home: what to say to the parents» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · At the friend's home: what to say to the parents

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression dǎrǎo le, as uttered by a departing child?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, utter, depart · **To what, where:** expression

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 28 «At the friend's home: what to say to the parents» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chinese-street/28-at-the-friends-home-what-to-say-to-the-parents/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:28-at-the-friends-home-what-to-say-to-the-parents:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression dǎrǎo le, as uttered by a departing child?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	dǎrǎo	dǎrǎo	X	FW	_	12	compound	_	_
12	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	uttered	utter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	departing	depart	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
19	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the expression  dǎrǎo le |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **utter** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a departing child | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **depart** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A courteous apology for the disturbance, akin to «thank you for having me»

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:28-at-the-friends-home-what-to-say-to-the-parents:e4:o1:1
# text = A courteous apology for the disturbance, akin to «thank you for having me»
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	courteous	courteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	apology	apology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	disturbance	disturbance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	akin	akin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	thank	thank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* *in a quote* | infinitive | akin *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | gerund | akin *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an admission of having damaged property belonging to the host family

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:28-at-the-friends-home-what-to-say-to-the-parents:e4:o2:1
# text = It is an admission of having damaged property belonging to the host family
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	admission	admission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a admission |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | a admission *not said here* | damaged property |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Patient |
| 3 | **damage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **belong** | gerund | damaged property *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the host family | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a greeting upon arrival

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:28-at-the-friends-home-what-to-say-to-the-parents:e4:o3:1
# text = It is a greeting upon arrival
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a greeting |  |  |  | upon arrival | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a request for further refreshment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:28-at-the-friends-home-what-to-say-to-the-parents:e4:o4:1
# text = It is a request for further refreshment
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	request	request	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a request |  |  |  | for further refreshment | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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