---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Yes and no — there is no single word · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reply bú yào addressed to an elder offering food? Exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Yes and no — there is no single word» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Yes and no — there is no single word

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reply bú yào addressed to an elder offering food?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** elder · **What happens:** follow, characteris, address, offer · **To what, where:** reply, yào, food

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Yes and no — there is no single word» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chinese-street/4-yes-and-no/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:4-yes-and-no:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reply bú yào addressed to an elder offering food?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	bú	bú	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	yào	yào	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the reply |  |  |  | of the following statements; bú yào; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **address** | participle |  | yào *not said here* |  |  |  | to a elder | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **offer** | gerund | a elder *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes an acceptance of the offer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:4-yes-and-no:e4:o1:1
# text = It constitutes an acceptance of the offer
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a acceptance of the offer |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme acceptance=Pivot |
| 2 | **accept** |  |  | the offer |  |  |  |  | nom acceptance «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It expresses gratitude without refusal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:4-yes-and-no:e4:o2:1
# text = It expresses gratitude without refusal
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	expresses	express	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gratitude	gratitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **express** | present | It | gratitude |  |  |  | without refusal | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gratitude=Reflexive |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is blunt, and bú yòng le, xièxie is considered more courteous

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:4-yes-and-no:e4:o3:1
# text = It is blunt, and bú yòng le, xièxie is considered more courteous
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	blunt	blunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
6	bú	bú	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	yòng	yòng	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
8	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
10	xièxie	xièxie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
14	courteous	courteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | blunt *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **yòng** | gerund |  | le |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **consider** | present · passive |  | xièxie |  |  |  | courteous *property* | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the most deferential refusal available

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:4-yes-and-no:e4:o4:1
# text = It is the most deferential refusal available
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	deferential	deferential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	available	available	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the deferential refusal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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