---
title: Ascertain the principle by which Mandarin numerals between eleven an… — Counting to 100 and lucky numbers · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the principle by which Mandarin numerals between eleven and ninety-nine are composed. Exam question 2 of lesson 7 «Counting to 100 and lucky numbers» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 2 · Counting to 100 and lucky numbers

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the principle by which Mandarin numerals between eleven and ninety-nine are composed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, compose · **To what, where:** principle, Mandarin numerals

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 7 «Counting to 100 and lucky numbers» of the Chinese street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chinese-street/7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers:e2:1
# text = Ascertain the principle by which Mandarin numerals between eleven and ninety-nine are composed.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
6	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	eleven	eleven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	ninety	ninety	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent principle=Topic |
| 2 | **compose** | present · passive |  | which Mandarin numerals between eleven |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Numerals are borrowed from English

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers:e2:o1:1
# text = Numerals are borrowed from English
1	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | present · passive |  | Numerals |  | English |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from english=Source |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Units always precede the tens, as in «two-and-twenty»

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers:e2:o2:1
# text = Units always precede the tens, as in «two-and-twenty»
1	Units	unit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	precede	precede	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **precede** | infinitive | Units | the tens |  |  |  | as two twenty; always *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ten=Co-Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tens are named by a preceding digit, and units follow shí

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers:e2:o3:1
# text = Tens are named by a preceding digit, and units follow shí
1	Tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	preceding	precede	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	digit	digit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	units	unit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	shí	shí	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present · passive | a preceding digit | Tens |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **precede** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **follow** | present | units | shí |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shí=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each numeral up to one hundred has an unrelated name

```conllu
# sent_id = question:chinese-street:7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers:e2:o4:1
# text = Each numeral up to one hundred has an unrelated name
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	numeral	numeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	compound	_	_
6	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each numeral to one hundred | a unrelated name |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Counting to 100 and lucky numbers, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chinese-street/7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers/e1/)
- next →: [Counting to 100 and lucky numbers, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chinese-street/7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Counting to 100 and lucky numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/chinese-street/7-counting-to-a-hundred-lucky-numbers/)