---
title: ★★ «Ella grinned and hugged the envelope. Then she ran to tell her m… — Inference: reading between the lines · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★ «Ella grinned and hugged the envelope. Then she ran to tell her mum.» What was probably in the envelope? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova'
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Inference: reading between the lines

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★ «Ella grinned and hugged the envelope. Then she ran to tell her mum.» What was probably in the envelope?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** ★ · **What happens:** grin, hug, run, tell, be · **To what, where:** envelope, mum · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/18-inference-reading-between-the-lines/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★ «Ella grinned and hugged the envelope.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t4:1
# text = ★★ «Ella grinned and hugged the envelope.
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grinned	grin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hugged	hug	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	envelope	envelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grin** *in a quote* | past | ★ |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hug** *in a quote* | past | ★ *not said here* | the envelope |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent envelope=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Then she ran to tell her mum.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t4:2
# text = Then she ran to tell her mum.»
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | ★ |  |  |  | then |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | ★ *not said here* |  | ★'s mum |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mum=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What was probably in the envelope?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t4:3
# text = What was probably in the envelope?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	envelope	envelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the envelope |  | probably *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bill for the gas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t4:o1:1
# text = A bill for the gas
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad news from school that she wanted to hide from everyone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t4:o2:1
# text = Bad news from school that she wanted to hide from everyone
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | Bad news from school |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Bad news from school *not said here* |  |  | everyone |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from everyone=Beneficiary |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good news

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t4:o3:1
# text = Good news
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t4:o4:1
# text = Nothing at all
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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