---
title: ★★ «Dad looked at the clock again and sighed. The pizza was going co… — Inference: reading between the lines · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★ «Dad looked at the clock again and sighed. The pizza was going cold.» Which is the best inference? Test 5 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Test 5 · ★ · Inference: reading between the lines

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★ «Dad looked at the clock again and sighed. The pizza was going cold.» Which is the best inference?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** ★, pizza · **What happens:** look, sigh, go, be · **To what, where:** best inference

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/18-inference-reading-between-the-lines/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★ «Dad looked at the clock again and sighed.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t5:1
# text = ★★ «Dad looked at the clock again and sighed.
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sighed	sigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** *in a quote* | past | ★ |  |  |  | again | at the clock | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at clock=Theme |
| 2 | **sigh** *in a quote* | past | ★ *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The pizza was going cold.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t5:2
# text = The pizza was going cold.»
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · progressive | the pizza |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Which is the best inference?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t5:3
# text = Which is the best inference?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	inference	inference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the best inference |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad is asleep at the table

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t5:o1:1
# text = Dad is asleep at the table
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dad |  |  | the table |  | asleep *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad has broken the clock and is upset

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t5:o2:1
# text = Dad has broken the clock and is upset
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · perfect · passive |  | Dad |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Patient clock=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad is happy that the pizza is cooling down nicely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t5:o3:1
# text = Dad is happy that the pizza is cooling down nicely
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	nicely	nicely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cool down** | present · progressive | the pizza |  |  |  |  | nicely *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone is late for tea and Dad is fed up waiting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:18-inference-reading-between-the-lines:t5:o4:1
# text = Someone is late for tea and Dad is fed up waiting
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Someone |  |  |  |  | for tea; late *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feed up** | present · passive |  | Dad |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **wait** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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