---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a pr… — Prediction: what happens next · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a prediction in reading? Exam question 1 of lesson 19 «Prediction: what happens next» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Prediction: what happens next

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a prediction in reading?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** prediction, reading

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 19 «Prediction: what happens next» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:19-prediction-what-happens-next:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a prediction in reading?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	prediction	prediction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a prediction |  | reading |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statement of the reader's preferences, without reference to the text at all

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:19-prediction-what-happens-next:e1:o1:1
# text = A statement of the reader's preferences, without reference to the text at all
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	preferences	preference	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** |  |  | the reader's preferences |  |  |  |  | nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **prefer** |  | the reader |  |  |  |  |  | nom preference «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An entirely random guess

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:19-prediction-what-happens-next:e1:o2:1
# text = An entirely random guess
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	random	random	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reasoned anticipation of subsequent events, founded upon textual evidence

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:19-prediction-what-happens-next:e1:o3:1
# text = A reasoned anticipation of subsequent events, founded upon textual evidence
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	reasoned	reasoned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	anticipation	anticipation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	textual	textual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | participle |  | a reasoned anticipation of subsequent events *not said here* |  |  |  | upon textual evidence | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A recollection of events already narrated

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:19-prediction-what-happens-next:e1:o4:1
# text = A recollection of events already narrated
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recollection	recollection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	already	already	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	narrated	narrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **narrate** *speech: other* | participle |  | a recollection of events *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **recollect** |  |  | events |  |  |  |  | nom recollection «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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