---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 ch… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relation between decoding and comprehension? Exam question 4 of lesson 2 «Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each
---

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# Exam question 4 · Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relation between decoding and comprehension?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** relation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relation between decoding and comprehension?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	relation	relation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	decoding	decoding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the relation |  |  |  | of the following statements; between decoding and comprehension; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are distinct skills; a pupil may decode a text without comprehending it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check:e4:o1:1
# text = They are distinct skills; a pupil may decode a text without comprehending it
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	skills	skill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	decode	decode	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	comprehending	comprehend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | distinct skills |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **decode** | may | a pupil | a text |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **comprehend** | gerund | a pupil *not said here* | text |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Comprehension invariably follows from accurate decoding

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check:e4:o2:1
# text = Comprehension invariably follows from accurate decoding
1	Comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	decoding	decoding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | Comprehension |  |  | accurate decoding |  | invariably *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent from decoding=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Decoding is impossible without prior comprehension of the text

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check:e4:o3:1
# text = Decoding is impossible without prior comprehension of the text
1	Decoding	decoding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Decoding |  |  |  |  | without prior comprehension of the text; impossible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **comprehend** |  |  | the text |  |  |  |  | nom comprehension «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are a single skill bearing two names

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check:e4:o4:1
# text = They are a single skill bearing two names
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | a single skill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | gerund | a single skill *not said here* | two names |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 ch…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check/e3/)
- next →: [Tricky words and common exception words, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/3-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/2-blending-segmenting-and-the-year-1-check/)