---
title: ★★★ «Maya's luminous watch was the only thing they could see in the… — Vocabulary in context · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★★ «Maya's luminous watch was the only thing they could see in the dark cave.» What does luminous mean, and which clue shows it? Test 2 of lesson 20 «Vocabulary in context» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Test 2 · Vocabulary in context

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★★ «Maya's luminous watch was the only thing they could see in the dark cave.» What does luminous mean, and which clue shows it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** ★, they, luminous, clue · **What happens:** be, see, mean, show · **To what, where:** only thing, dark cave, watch

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 20 «Vocabulary in context» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★★ «Maya's luminous watch was the only thing they could see in the dark cave.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:20-vocabulary-in-context:t2:1
# text = ★★★ «Maya's luminous watch was the only thing they could see in the dark cave.»
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	luminous	luminous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | ★ | the only thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** *in a quote* | could | they | the only thing *not said here* |  | the dark cave |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does luminous mean, and which clue shows it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:20-vocabulary-in-context:t2:2
# text = What does luminous mean, and which clue shows it?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	luminous	luminous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	8	det	_	_
8	clue	clue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present · do-support | luminous |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 2 | **show** | present | which clue | watch |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Broken, because they were in a cave

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:20-vocabulary-in-context:t2:o1:1
# text = Broken, because they were in a cave
1	Broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | they |  |  | a cave |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Big, because it could be seen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:20-vocabulary-in-context:t2:o2:1
# text = Big, because it could be seen
1	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Expensive, because it was the only one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:20-vocabulary-in-context:t2:o3:1
# text = Expensive, because it was the only one
1	Expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | it | the Expensive only one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glowing, because it could be seen in the dark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:20-vocabulary-in-context:t2:o4:1
# text = Glowing, because it could be seen in the dark
1	Glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | could · passive |  | it |  | the dark |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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