---
title: ★★★ «Before lunch, I tidied up. I'd never seen it before.» What word… — Word classes: the jobs words do · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★★ «Before lunch, I tidied up. I'd never seen it before.» What word class is each «before»? Test 5 · ★ of lesson 27 «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · ★ · Word classes: the jobs words do

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★★ «Before lunch, I tidied up. I'd never seen it before.» What word class is each «before»?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** ★, I, word class · **What happens:** tidy up, not see, be · **To what, where:** lunch

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 27 «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★★ «Before lunch, I tidied up.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do:t5:1
# text = ★★★ «Before lunch, I tidied up.
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	tidied	tidy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tidy up** *in a quote* | past | ★ |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I'd never seen it before.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do:t5:2
# text = I'd never seen it before.»
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | would | I | lunch |  |  |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What word class is each «before»?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do:t5:3
# text = What word class is each «before»?
1	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nsubj	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	before	before	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | word class |  |  |  |  | before *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
First an adverb, then a noun that names a time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do:t5:o1:1
# text = First an adverb, then a noun that names a time
1	First	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adverb	adverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	names	name	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present | a noun |  |  |  | time |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both prepositions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do:t5:o2:1
# text = Both prepositions
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	prepositions	preposition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
First a preposition, then an adverb

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do:t5:o3:1
# text = First a preposition, then an adverb
1	First	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	preposition	preposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	adverb	adverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both conjunctions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do:t5:o4:1
# text = Both conjunctions
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	conjunctions	conjunction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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