---
title: ★★★ «My brother who lives in Leeds is a chef» has no commas. What do… — Relative clauses · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★★ «My brother who lives in Leeds is a chef» has no commas. What does that suggest? Test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Relative clauses» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · ★★★ · Relative clauses

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★★ «My brother who lives in Leeds is a chef» has no commas. What does that suggest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** brother, ★, that · **What happens:** live, be, have, suggest · **To what, where:** Leeds, chef, commas

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Relative clauses» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/30-relative-clauses/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★★ «My brother who lives in Leeds is a chef» has no commas.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:30-relative-clauses:t4:1
# text = ★★★ «My brother who lives in Leeds is a chef» has no commas.
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Leeds	Leeds	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	commas	comma	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** *in a quote* | present | My brother |  |  | Leeds |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in leeds=Location |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | My brother | a chef |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | ★ | no commas |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comma=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does that suggest?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:30-relative-clauses:t4:2
# text = What does that suggest?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	suggest	suggest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | present · do-support | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have only one brother, and he happens to live in Leeds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:30-relative-clauses:t4:o1:1
# text = I have only one brother, and he happens to live in Leeds
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Leeds	Leeds	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | one brother |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Patient |
| 2 | **happen** | present | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  | Leeds |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in leeds=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother is not really a chef

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:30-relative-clauses:t4:o2:1
# text = My brother is not really a chef
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | My brother | a chef |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I may have more than one brother, and I mean the one in Leeds

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:30-relative-clauses:t4:o3:1
# text = I may have more than one brother, and I mean the one in Leeds
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	6	advmod	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Leeds	Leeds	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | may | I | one brother |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present | I | the one |  |  |  | in Leeds | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot one=Theme in leeds=Attribute |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leeds is a person, not a place

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:30-relative-clauses:t4:o4:1
# text = Leeds is a person, not a place
1	Leeds	Leeds	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Leeds | a person and a place |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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