--- title: Formal letter from the council: "Bins shall be put out on Tuesday."… — Active and passive voice, modal verbs · tree and pragmatics description: Formal letter from the council: "Bins shall be put out on Tuesday." What does "shall" do here? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 32 «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/t11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/) / [Active and passive voice, modal verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/) / t11 # Test 11 · ★★ · Active and passive voice, modal verbs Formal letter from the council: "Bins shall be put out on Tuesday." What does "shall" do here? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Formal letter · **What happens:** put out, do · **To what, where:** Bins This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 32 «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/#t11). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Formal letter from the council: "Bins shall be put out on Tuesday." ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t11:1 # text = Formal letter from the council: "Bins shall be put out on Tuesday." 1 Formal formal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 council council NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 Bins bin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 put put VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 12 out out ADP RP _ 11 compound:prt _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Tuesday Tuesday PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **put out** *in a quote* | shall · passive | Formal letter from the council *not said here* | Bins | | | tuesday | | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What does "shall" do here? ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t11:2 # text = What does "shall" do here? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 6 obj _ _ 2 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 do do VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 6 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 8 ? ? PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **do** | shall · present · do-support | | | | here | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} It states a rule, like "must" ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t11:o1:1 # text = It states a rule, like "must" 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 states state VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 rule rule NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 like like ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 " " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **state** *speech: other* | present | It | a rule | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent rule=Topic | ### Option 2 {#o2} It shows the past ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t11:o2:1 # text = It shows the past 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | It | the past | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent past=Recipient | ### Option 3 {#o3} It asks a polite question ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t11:o3:1 # text = It asks a polite question 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 polite polite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 question question NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | It | a polite question | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient | ### Option 4 {#o4} It shows a guess ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t11:o4:1 # text = It shows a guess 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 guess guess NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | It | a guess | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent guess=Recipient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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