--- title: Gen Alpha cousin: "lowkey the window got smashed, it wasn't me fr."… — Active and passive voice, modal verbs · tree and pragmatics description: Gen Alpha cousin: "lowkey the window got smashed, it wasn't me fr." ("fr" means for real, "lowkey" means a bit secretly.) What is the formal passive? Test 6 · ★★ of lesson 32 «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/t6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/) / [Active and passive voice, modal verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/) / t6 # Test 6 · ★★ · Active and passive voice, modal verbs Gen Alpha cousin: "lowkey the window got smashed, it wasn't me fr." ("fr" means for real, "lowkey" means a bit secretly.) What is the formal passive? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Gen cousin, window, fr, lowkey, formal passive · **What happens:** lowkey, get, not be, mean, be · **To what, where:** me fr, bit · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 32 «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/#t6). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Gen Alpha cousin: "lowkey the window got smashed, it wasn't me fr." ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t6:1 # text = Gen Alpha cousin: "lowkey the window got smashed, it wasn't me fr." 1 Gen Gen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 Alpha Alpha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 cousin cousin NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 lowkey lowkey VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ _ 10 smashed smashed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ SpaceAfter=No 14 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 16 advmod _ _ 15 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 compound _ _ 16 fr fr NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 17 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lowkey** *in a quote* | past | Gen cousin *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **get** *in a quote* | past | the window | | | | | smashed *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **not** **is a** *in a quote* | past | window | me fr | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* ("fr" means for real, "lowkey" means a bit secretly.) ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t6:2 # text = ("fr" means for real, "lowkey" means a bit secretly.) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 fr fr NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 for for ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 lowkey lowkey NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 12 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 secretly secretly ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | fr | | | | | for real | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for real=Attribute | | 2 | **mean** | present | lowkey | a bit | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Topic | *Sentence 3:* What is the formal passive? ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t6:3 # text = What is the formal passive? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 0 root _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 formal formal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 passive passive NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ? ? PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the formal passive | | | | | | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} The window has smashing. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t6:o1:1 # text = The window has smashing. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 smashing smash VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 5 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the window | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **smash** | gerund | the window *not said here* | | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} The window were smash. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t6:o2:1 # text = The window were smash. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 smash smash ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the window | | | | | smash *property* | tree rules | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} The window was smashed. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t6:o3:1 # text = The window was smashed. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 smashed smash VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **smash** | past · passive | | the window | | | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} The window smashed by me. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs:t6:o4:1 # text = The window smashed by me. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 smashed smash VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 6 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **smash** | participle | | the window *not said here* | | | | by me | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by i=Destination | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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