---
title: A cousin from Sydney says "My report's got heaps of headings, mate."… — Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex… · tree and pragmatics
description: A cousin from Sydney says "My report's got heaps of headings, mate." ("Heaps" means lots.) When are headings most useful? Test 10 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

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# Test 10 · ★ · Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cousin from Sydney says "My report's got heaps of headings, mate." ("Heaps" means lots.) When are headings most useful?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cousin, report, My, Heaps · **What happens:** say, get, report, mean, be · **To what, where:** heaps, lots, headings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cousin from Sydney says "My report's got heaps of headings, mate."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t10:1
# text = A cousin from Sydney says "My report's got heaps of headings, mate."
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Sydney	Sydney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	ccomp	_	_
11	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	headings	heading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a cousin from Sydney |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** *in a quote* | present · passive | My report | heaps of headings and mate |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer heap=Stimulus |
| 3 | **report** *in a quote* |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom report «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Heaps" means lots.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t10:2
# text = ("Heaps" means lots.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Heaps | lots |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* When are headings most useful?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t10:3
# text = When are headings most useful?
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	headings	heading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | headings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only at the end, as a summary of everything

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t10:o1:1
# text = Only at the end, as a summary of everything
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In information texts, to sort facts by topic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t10:o2:1
# text = In information texts, to sort facts by topic
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sort	sort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
7	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sort** | to-infinitive |  | facts |  |  |  | by topic | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only in poems, above each verse

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t10:o3:1
# text = Only in poems, above each verse
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In every line of a story, to make it look neat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t10:o4:1
# text = In every line of a story, to make it look neat
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | story |  | every line of a story |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | story *not said here* |  |  |  |  | neat *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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