---
title: A boy in Georgia writes "Y'all, I got three reasons." ("Y'all" means… — Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex… · tree and pragmatics
description: A boy in Georgia writes "Y'all, I got three reasons." ("Y'all" means you all.) In a formal report, which opening works better? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy in Georgia writes "Y'all, I got three reasons." ("Y'all" means you all.) In a formal report, which opening works better?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** boy, I, Y'all, opening · **What happens:** write, get, mean, work · **To what, where:** Y'all, three reasons, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A boy in Georgia writes "Y'all, I got three reasons."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t8:1
# text = A boy in Georgia writes "Y'all, I got three reasons."
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Georgia	Georgia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Y'all	Y'all	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
11	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | a boy in Georgia | Y'all |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent y'all=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** *in a quote* | past | I | three reasons |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reason=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Y'all" means you all.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t8:2
# text = ("Y'all" means you all.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Y'all	Y'all	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Y'all | you |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* In a formal report, which opening works better?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t8:3
# text = In a formal report, which opening works better?
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | which opening |  |  |  |  | in a formal report; well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in report=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are three main reasons.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t8:o1:1
# text = There are three main reasons.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | three main reasons |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three things or whatever.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t8:o2:1
# text = Three things or whatever.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Y'all, here's my reasons, innit.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t8:o3:1
# text = Y'all, here's my reasons, innit.
1	Y'all	Y'all	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	innit	innit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Y'all |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reasons, reasons, reasons.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t8:o4:1
# text = Reasons, reasons, reasons.
1	Reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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