---
title: ★★★ In a report on owls, paragraph 2 is about food and paragraph 3 b… — Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex… · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★★ In a report on owls, paragraph 2 is about food and paragraph 3 begins "Their sharp claws are not only for hunting." Why is that a clever link? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★★ In a report on owls, paragraph 2 is about food and paragraph 3 begins "Their sharp claws are not only for hunting." Why is that a clever link?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** paragraph, ★ ★ ★, sharp claws · **What happens:** be, begin, not be · **To what, where:** clever link · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★★ In a report on owls, paragraph 2 is about food and paragraph 3 begins "Their sharp claws are not only for hunting."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t9:1
# text = ★★★ In a report on owls, paragraph 2 is about food and paragraph 3 begins "Their sharp claws are not only for hunting."
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	★	★	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
4	In	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	flat	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	_
18	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
25	only	only	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | paragraph |  |  |  |  | about food and paragraph | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | present | ★ ★ ★ in a report on owls and food and paragraph |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | ★'s sharp claws |  |  |  |  | for hunting | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why is that a clever link?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t9:2
# text = Why is that a clever link?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	link	link	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a clever link |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It repeats the title of the whole report

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t9:o1:1
# text = It repeats the title of the whole report
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	repeats	repeat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | present | It | the title of the whole report |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Eventuality |
| 2 | **title** |  |  | the whole report |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It shows the report has ended

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t9:o2:1
# text = It shows the report has ended
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	ended	end	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **end** | present · perfect · passive |  | the report |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It joins the food idea to the new topic of body

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t9:o3:1
# text = It joins the food idea to the new topic of body
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present | It | the food idea |  |  |  | to the new topic of body | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent idea=Patient to topic=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It starts a new story about owls

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together:t9:o4:1
# text = It starts a new story about owls
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | It | a new story |  |  |  | about owls | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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