---
title: Ascertain the two considerations, hereinafter termed audience and pu… — Planning before writing · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the two considerations, hereinafter termed audience and purpose, that ought to precede any plan. Exam question 4 of lesson 39 «Planning before writing» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Planning before writing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the two considerations, hereinafter termed audience and purpose, that ought to precede any plan.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, hereinafter, that · **What happens:** ascertain, term, precede · **To what, where:** two considerations, audience, plan

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 39 «Planning before writing» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/39-planning-before-writing/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:39-planning-before-writing:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the two considerations, hereinafter termed audience and purpose, that ought to precede any plan.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	considerations	consideration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	termed	term	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	_
13	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	precede	precede	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
16	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the two considerations |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consideration=Topic |
| 2 | **term** | past | hereinafter | audience and purpose |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent audience=Theme |
| 3 | **precede** | ought | that | any plan |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme plan=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who is to read the text, and why it is written

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:39-planning-before-writing:e4:o1:1
# text = Who is to read the text, and why it is written
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | read *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | present · passive |  | text |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which title, and which font

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:39-planning-before-writing:e4:o2:1
# text = Which title, and which font
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
6	font	font	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many words, and how many pages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:39-planning-before-writing:e4:o3:1
# text = How many words, and how many pages
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which pen is used, and how neatly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:39-planning-before-writing:e4:o4:1
# text = Which pen is used, and how neatly
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	neatly	neatly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | which pen |  |  |  | neatly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Planning before writing, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/39-planning-before-writing/e3/)
- next →: [Openings that hook the reader, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/40-openings-that-hook-the-reader/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Planning before writing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/39-planning-before-writing/)