--- title: Identify the principal function of the opening sentence of a narrati… — Openings that hook the reader · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal function of the opening sentence of a narrative. Exam question 1 of lesson 40 «Openings that hook the reader» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/40-openings-that-hook-the-reader/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/) / [Openings that hook the reader](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/40-openings-that-hook-the-reader/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Openings that hook the reader Identify the principal function of the opening sentence of a narrative. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, sentence · **To what, where:** principal function, narrative This is exam question 1 of lesson 40 «Openings that hook the reader» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/40-openings-that-hook-the-reader/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:40-openings-that-hook-the-reader:e1:1 # text = Identify the principal function of the opening sentence of a narrative. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 function function NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 opening opening ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 sentence sentence NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 narrative narrative NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal function of the opening sentence of a narrative | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme | | 2 | **sentence** | | | a narrative | | | | | nom sentence «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} To engage the reader so that they continue reading ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:40-openings-that-hook-the-reader:e1:o1:1 # text = To engage the reader so that they continue reading 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 engage engage VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 reader reader NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 8 mark _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 5 fixed _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 continue continue VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 9 reading reading NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **engage** | to-infinitive | | the reader | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reader=Patient | | 2 | **continue** | present | they | reading | | | | | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent reading=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} To provide the date of the composition ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:40-openings-that-hook-the-reader:e1:o2:1 # text = To provide the date of the composition 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 provide provide VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 date date NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 composition composition NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **provide** | to-infinitive | | the date of the composition | | | | | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition date=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} To state the conclusion of the narrative in advance ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:40-openings-that-hook-the-reader:e1:o3:1 # text = To state the conclusion of the narrative in advance 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 state state VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 conclusion conclusion NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 narrative narrative NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 advance advance NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **state** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | | the conclusion of the narrative | | advance | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic | | 2 | **conclude** | | | the narrative | | | | | nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 4 {#o4} To list all the characters who subsequently appear ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:40-openings-that-hook-the-reader:e1:o4:1 # text = To list all the characters who subsequently appear 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 list list VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 5 det:predet _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 characters character NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 subsequently subsequently ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 appear appear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **list** | to-infinitive | | all characters | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **appear** | present | all characters | | | | | subsequently *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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