--- title: A lad in Cardiff says "It was lush." ("Lush" means lovely in Wales.)… — Describing: senses, showing and precis… · tree and pragmatics description: A lad in Cardiff says "It was lush." ("Lush" means lovely in Wales.) His teacher asks him to show it. Which works? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 41 «Describing: senses, showing and precise words» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/t8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/) / [Describing: senses, showing and precis…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/) / t8 # Test 8 · ★ · Describing: senses, showing and precise words A lad in Cardiff says "It was lush." ("Lush" means lovely in Wales.) His teacher asks him to show it. Which works? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** lad, Lush, teacher · **What happens:** say, be, mean, ask, show, work · **To what, where:** Lush, teacher · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 41 «Describing: senses, showing and precise words» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/#t8). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* A lad in Cardiff says "It was lush." ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:1 # text = A lad in Cardiff says "It was lush." 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 lad lad NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Cardiff Cardiff PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 lush lush ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 10 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a lad in Cardiff | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | lad | | | | | lush *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* ("Lush" means lovely in Wales.) ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:2 # text = ("Lush" means lovely in Wales.) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 Lush Lush PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 lovely lovely ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Wales Wales PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Lush | | | | | lovely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | *Sentence 3:* His teacher asks him to show it. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:3 # text = His teacher asks him to show it. 1 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | Lush's teacher | | Lush | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **show** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Lush's teacher *not said here* | teacher | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient | *Sentence 4:* Which works? ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:4 # text = Which works? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 2 nsubj _ _ 2 works work VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ? ? PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **work** | present | | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Lush is a Welsh word that means lovely. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:o1:1 # text = Lush is a Welsh word that means lovely. 1 Lush lush NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Welsh welsh ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 lovely lovely ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 9 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Lush | a Welsh word | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | present | a Welsh word | | | | | lovely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Waves fizzed on the shells and the air tasted of salt. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:o2:1 # text = Waves fizzed on the shells and the air tasted of salt. 1 Waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 fizzed fizz VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 tasted taste VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fizz** | past | Waves | | | the shells | | | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on shell=Location | | 2 | **taste** | past | the air | | | | | of salt | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ### Option 3 {#o3} It was very lush indeed, honestly lush. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:o3:1 # text = It was very lush indeed, honestly lush. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 very very ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 lush lush ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 indeed indeed ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 honestly honestly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 lush lush ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | It | | | | | indeed, lush *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | | | | | | honestly *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} It was lush and lush and really lush. ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words:t8:o4:1 # text = It was lush and lush and really lush. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 lush lush ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 lush lush ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 really really ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 lush lush VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | It | | | | | lush *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **lush** | infinitive | | | | | | | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Describing: senses, showing and precis…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/t7/) - next →: [Describing: senses, showing and precis…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/t9/) - ↑ back to [Describing: senses, showing and precise words](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/)