---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises a non-chronolog… — Writing to inform, instruct and persuade · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises a non-chronological report? Exam question 2 of lesson 44 «Writing to inform, instruct and persuade» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right
---

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# Exam question 2 · Writing to inform, instruct and persuade

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises a non-chronological report?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** non-chronological report

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 44 «Writing to inform, instruct and persuade» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade:e2:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises a non-chronological report?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	non-chronological	non-chronological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a non-chronological report |  |  |  | accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Information organised by topic, customarily in the present tense

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade:e2:o1:1
# text = Information organised by topic, customarily in the present tense
1	Information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	organised	organise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	customarily	customarily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **organise** | participle |  | Information and the present tense *not said here* |  |  |  | by topic | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A letter addressed to a person in authority

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade:e2:o2:1
# text = A letter addressed to a person in authority
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **address** | participle |  | a letter *not said here* |  |  |  | to a person in authority | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Events recounted strictly in order of time, in the past tense

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade:e2:o3:1
# text = Events recounted strictly in order of time, in the past tense
1	Events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	recounted	recount	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	strictly	strictly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recount** *speech: other* | participle |  | Events and the past tense *not said here* |  | order of time |  | strictly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **order** |  |  | time |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A narrative featuring a protagonist and an antagonist

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade:e2:o4:1
# text = A narrative featuring a protagonist and an antagonist
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	featuring	feature	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	protagonist	protagonist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	antagonist	antagonist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feature** | gerund | a narrative *not said here* | a protagonist and a antagonist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/e1/)
- next →: [Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/e3/)
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