---
title: A Welsh nan says "Lush little poem, cariad." ("Lush" means lovely, "… — Poetry: rhyme and rhythm · tree and pragmatics
description: A Welsh nan says "Lush little poem, cariad." ("Lush" means lovely, "cariad" means love.) The poem is "Rain on the roof, rain on the road, / Rain on the back of a dripping toad." Which words rhyme? Test 10 of lesson 45 «Poetry: rhyme and rhythm» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with th
---

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# Test 10 · Poetry: rhyme and rhythm

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Welsh nan says "Lush little poem, cariad." ("Lush" means lovely, "cariad" means love.) The poem is "Rain on the roof, rain on the road, / Rain on the back of a dripping toad." Which words rhyme?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Welsh nan, Lush, cariad, poem, words · **What happens:** say, mean, be, drip, rhyme · **To what, where:** love, Rain, roof · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 45 «Poetry: rhyme and rhythm» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A Welsh nan says "Lush little poem, cariad."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:1
# text = A Welsh nan says "Lush little poem, cariad."
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	nan	nan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Lush	lush	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cariad	cariad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a Welsh nan |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Lush" means lovely, "cariad" means love.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:2
# text = ("Lush" means lovely, "cariad" means love.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Lush	Lush	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	cariad	cariad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Lush |  |  |  |  | lovely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | cariad | love |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent love=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* The poem is "Rain on the roof, rain on the road, / Rain on the back of a dripping toad."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:3
# text = The poem is "Rain on the roof, rain on the road, / Rain on the back of a dripping toad."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	/	/	SYM	,	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	dripping	drip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	amod	_	_
23	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the poem | Rain / Rain on the back of a dripping toad |  | the roof and rain on the road |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drip** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Which words rhyme?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:4
# text = Which words rhyme?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rhyme	rhyme	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rhyme** | present | which words |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
back and dripping

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:o1:1
# text = back and dripping
1	back	back	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	dripping	drip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drip** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
rain and roof

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:o2:1
# text = rain and roof
1	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
road and toad

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:o3:1
# text = road and toad
1	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
roof and road

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm:t10:o4:1
# text = roof and road
1	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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